Landow is often quoted in the context of navigation aids for readers. Should readers be given such aids? The boundaries straddled by reader and author here seem to be the boundaries of literacy and electracy. A literate reader might become "lost in hyperspace," perhaps for no other reason than that they expect to know where they are.

Although some authors on the subject of hypermedia navigation and orientation write as if hypermedia systems are composed only of links and the materials they connect, in fact any workable system requires more support from both the system itself and the author who uses it. (Landow 84, my emphasis)

So how do readers/writers of hypertext create these support systems?